How to 转换 luminous intensity in candela (cd) to luminous flux in lumens (lm).
You can 计算 but not 转换 candela to lumens, since lumens and candela do not represent the same quantity.
For uniform, isotropic 光照 source, the luminous flux Φv in lumens (lm) is equal to the luminous intensity Iv in candela (cd),
times the solid angle Ω in steradians (sr):
Φv(lm) = Iv(cd) × Ω(sr)
The solid angle Ω in steradians (sr) is equal to 2 times pi times 1 minus cosine of half the cone apex angle θ in degrees (°):
Ω(sr) = 2π(1 - cos(θ/2))
The luminous flux Φv in lumens (lm) is equal to the luminous intensity Iv in candela (cd),
times 2 times pi times 1 minus cosine of half the apex angle θ in degrees (°):
Φv(lm) = Iv(cd) × ( 2π(1 - cos(θ/2)) )
So
lumens = candela × ( 2π(1 - cos(degrees/2)) )
Or
lm = cd × ( 2π(1 - cos(°/2)) )
Find the luminous flux Φv in lumens (lm) when the luminous intensity Iv in candela (cd) is 400cd and the apex angle is 60°:
Φv(lm) = 400cd × ( 2π(1 - cos(60°/2)) ) = 336.7 lm
